مجله مطالعات پیش دبستانی و دبستان
پیاپی 1 (پابیز 1394)

the purpose of this research was to identify the extent of the effectiveness of empathy educational program on bullying in the children 4 to 6 years old in pre- school centers. Research design was pre -test, post- test and follow- up design with control and experimental groups or inter-group design. According to randomly cluster sampling, a pre- school center related to elementary schools was selected. After checklist of bully child evaluation by educator, 30 children were identified who has expressed bullying once or twice during two months. They were divided into two groups randomly. Experimental group participated in eight sessions of empathy educational program and each session lasted for 45 minutes. the extent of bully behaviours was measured using the scale of the evaluation of bullying behaviour of Elvisen Qustionnaire .(1996).covariance analysis test showed that empathy skill education could reduce bully behaviours in children. In addition, the results of this research showed that empathy skill education has been stable in follow-up stage. (45 days after education stopping) and it meant that effectiveness has been retained in follow-up study. Therefore, we conclude that empathy education is effective in bullying reduction.

The aim of the present study is to determine the meaning and impact of learning a task in relationship to academic achievement. and This study was conducted according to the Delphi Method. The research community have the specialists or experts that are a subset of educational science and are experts in learning task area. The First person has been chosen via theoretical sampling method, and the Snowball sampling method was used to select other members for this research study. Sample size was eight people of pedagogical experts. The tools used in this research is unstructured interview. The research findings, has been defined as the semantic of learning task under the heading Heuristic-systematic. This type of learning task can identify the relationship between learning skills and academic achievement in order to improve speed and other mediators involved in this regard. This suggests that these skills can be effective in academic achievement.

Individuals develop their basic attitudes, values and skills in early years of life. The purpose of this study is to explore reasons of preschool children’s attitudes towards environmental issues in terms of consumption patterns, environmental protection, recycling-reusing, and living habits. The statistical population contains preschool age children living in Mashhad, Iran. Due to some problems (child care staff and parent's non-cooperation), available sampling method was chosen. The sample of the study was comprised of 40 preschool age children from 3 kindergartens and the data were collected through interviews. The interview questionnaire was adapted from Murak standard questionnaire and be supported by the pictures which were illustrated by the researcher. The analysis effort method was content analysis of interview transcripts and autobiography. The results show that in most cases, eco-centric attitudes is stronger than anthropocentric attitudes and children had no idea about some concepts such as the concept of recycling. Kindergarten as a place where children spend most of their childhood years, when they are strongly able to learn and imitate, can be considered as one of the most important circumstances which is able to change children's environmental attitudes.

In this study, the present researchers examined the effects of seating in teacher action zone on learning and retention rate of mathematics among the 5th grade students. For this purpose, pre-test/post-test control group design was used. The population of this study was all the 5th grade elementary students of Basht, a small city in Iran. Two-stage random cluster sampling was used to select 32 students. Then, they were divided into two groups, experimental and control group. Both groups responded to the same pre-test, post-test, and retention tests. During the mathematics training sessions, students of the experimental group seated in teacher’s action zone while students of the control group seated in other parts of class. In order to analyze data in descriptive statistics, measures such as mean and standard deviation were used. For inferential statistics, standard covariance tests were used to examine hypotheses of the research. The obtained results not only showed that students who seat in teacher's action zone get better grades but also their retentions of the concepts are better than the students who seat in other parts of classes.

Mothers of deaf children with social and mental health problems, and consistency are exceptionally very high compared with other parents of children with regards to this issue, the aim of this study was to compare the intolerance of uncertainty and emotion regulation in mothers of deaf and hearing daughters. It was a case-control study. The statistical society of the study included all the mothers of deaf daughters that their children in the special elementary schools were studying in Tabriz in academic year 93-92. 25 mothers of deaf daughters and 25 mothers of hearing daughters were chosen by simple random sampling method and responded to the questionnaires, for data analysis multivariate analysis of variance test was used. Results showed that both groups of mothers of deaf and hearing daughters in terms of intolerance of uncertainty that there was a significant difference, this means that average intolerance of uncertainty scores were above the mothers of deaf daughters and mothers of hearing daughters. Also, in emotion regulation between mothers of deaf and hearing daughters, significant differences were found. This results in the need for a deep understanding of response of deaf students and especially parents revealing and can make sense to have proper planning for Special Education with proper planning and consulting services, and creating a supportive environment (social and psychological) for deaf students and their parents, trying that for them, we provide environments that track your goals in this environment.

The aim of this research was to design a model for entrepreneurship curriculum for preschool children and its evaluation due to the viewpoint of specialists in curriculum, entrepreneurship and educators. The applied research is evaluative and it has a field method. The population in this study involved all curriculum planners, entrepreneurship scholars and specialists working in universities of Tehran and Islamic Azad university, science and research Branch and educators working in preschool centers in Tehran, who has passed the course of early childhood educator in department of Tehran University Jihad (2014-2015). The sample size which was determined using stratified sampling and was a total number of 208. Data collection tool were a researcher-based questionnaire based on the curriculum content. For data analysis descriptive and inferential statistics (chi-squared.x^2) were used. The overall results showed that
according to the designed a model for curriculum in this research, entrepreneurship for preschool children, it is not only business education but also entrepreneurship has designed as an attitude and life style in form of a model of entrepreneurship curriculum and on the basis of three main components, knowledge, attitude and entrepreneurship skill for preschool children, and its main axis according to childhood developmental properties such as: creativity, willingness to work and continuous efforts, curiosity, dynamic and ongoing activities, positive thinking, independency, desire to succeed, and responsibility. Also, the results of evaluation on model in view of the entrepreneurship specialists, curriculum planners and preschool educators is appropriate and approves it. Therefore, according to the finding of this study training of entrepreneurship in the form of model of curriculum, since early childhood for nurturing self-actualized, accomplished and independence children has been suggested.